Who prescribing indicators pdf

Who prescribing indicators pdf. 2014;6(2):29. Prescribing indicators were investigated in May 7, 2013 · Prescribing indicators. 38 ± 1. Download full-text PDF. 3%). The objectives of the current study were to use the WHO/INRUD prescribing indica-tors to assess rational drug prescribing in the same Jul 27, 2021 · Rational use of essential medicines can prevent, treated, or alleviated most leading causes of death and disability in developing countries including Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling was used to select samples. The five most commonly prescribed medicines were paracetamol (31. Maqsood, H. 24, 25 In this study, 88% (n = 528) of Feb 4, 2022 · World Health Organization (WHO) recommends three core drug use indicators. 69 (±0. On average, 1. Jul 29, 2020 · The assessment of prescribing practice using WHO core prescribing indicators revealed that the percentage of encounters with antibacterials and injectables was 42. In a retrospective cohort study 10 health centres were selected using systematic random sampling. 700 patient prescriptions were The three main indicators are prescribing indicators, facility indicators and patient care indicators. 0-26. Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, Africa-Wide Nipad Bad prescribing habits lead to ineffective and unsafe treatment, exacerbation or prolongation of illness, distress and harm to the patient, and higher costs. 502 prescriptions were randomly collected over a period of one month and recorded over a ‘prescribing indicator form’. Apart from the primary use of WHO core prescribing indicators in evaluating the prescriptions, a secondary level follow-up assessment based on the diagnosis and treatment was undertaken to scrutinize the core drug indicators in issue. The final versions of the pretested indicators are described below. The data was analyzed The WHO core prescribing indicators were used to describe the pattern of prescribing, and the most commonly prescribed medicines were identified. Prescription indicators allow the therapeutic actions taken in similar institutions to be ascertained, enabling subsequent comparison of parameters between them, evaluating the population's medication needs, and determining the most frequently used May 7, 2013 · Prescribing indicators. The WHO prescribing indicators were used in this study. Percentage of prescription with an injection prescribed 4. 1 (IQR 2. » Abstract » PDF» doi: 10. 5455/njppp. Prescribing indicators include the following parameters: average number of drugs prescribed, which is used to measure the The rest of prescribing indicators including the injections prescribing, antibiotics prescribing, and prescribing from the essential drug list were within the optimal range of values recommended May 7, 2013 · The prescribing practices for antibiotic and injection shows deviation from the standard recommended by WHO, and these two commonly overused and costly forms of drug therapy need to be regulated closely. In this study, there was an increase in encounter, which indirectly point that there is an imperfection in prescriber, population, and health-care All data in the ordinary prescribing indicator recording form were first analyzed manually and then using Microsoft Excel 2007. Background: Nowadays, irrational uses of drugs, particularly prescription errors are adversely affecting global health and pose problems. A study was carried out to evaluate prescribing pattern of antibiotics at the Ghana Police Hospital using National Prescribing indicators. The average number of drugs per encounter: Calculated by dividing the total number of different drug products prescribed, by the Feb 1, 2015 · PDF | On Feb 1, 2015, Wondim Melkam published Evaluation of Drugs Utilization Pattern Using WHO Prescribing Indicators in Ayder Referral Hospital, Northern Ethiopia | Find, read and cite all the . Sci. 0 Keywords: Prescribing indicators; WHO; Rational drug use; Antibiotics; Injections Introduction Indicators of prescribing practice measure the performance of health care providers in several key dimensions related appropriate use of drugs. Jan 8, 2021 · Based on the WHO core prescribing indicators, a total of 600 prescriptions were analyzed. 5. Jan 15, 2024 · The standard World Health Organization prescribing indicators and AWaRe categorization of antibiotics were used to assess the prescribing practices of physicians/surgeons. Nov 27, 2020 · The prescribing indicators evaluate the practice of prescribers in five key areas (% of drugs prescribed by generic name, average number of drugs per prescription, % of prescriptions containing antibiotics, % of prescriptions containing injectable drugs, and % of drugs prescribed from the latest edition of national Essential Drug Lists (EDL) or To achieve this objective the WHO in collaboration with the International Network of Ra-tional Use of Drugs (INRUD) has developed core drug use indicators to evaluate and compare practices in health care settings, which includes indicators on pre-scribing, patients-care and health care facilities [12]. For patient care and health facility indicators, 600 patients and 3 health centers were prospectively reviewed. Nov 30, 2021 · Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 4. 1 and only 796 (55. A total of 1,318 prescriptions were analyzed. Prescriptions were obtained from five major specialties, namely Oct 30, 2016 · Most of the prescriptions were incomplete and poly-pharmacy was evident in this study, and doctors need to be made aware about the errors and the recommended guidelines. Electronic prescribing systems are themselves associated with a new pattern of errors [9]. & Res. The search was performed using the Boolean operators ("AND" & "OR") with a combination of drug utilization research or WHO prescribing indicators, India with the following keywords: prescription monitoring, drug utilization study, WHO, World Health Organization Found. Under prescribing indicators: number of medicines per encounter, medicines prescribed by generic name, percent encounters with an antibiotic and an injection prescribed, and percent of medicines prescribed from the EML or formulary of the Jul 1, 2022 · By comparing the related data, Zero-Medicine Markup Policy had greatly affected prescribing indicators, some indicators had a decreasing trend and became more rational, zero-Markup Medicine Policy decreased both the patient-level and hospital-level drug expenses, and the reformation of the Zero- Medicine Mark up Policy was steadily advanced. WHO treatment guidelines for common diseases, such as acute respiratory tract infections, diarrhoeal diseases, malaria and other parasitic diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, leprosy and others. Aug 19, 2022 · The country performance indicator for drug prescribing, patient-care and facility-specific was calculated using the same approach with the above-mentioned formulas. The World Health Organization prescribing indicators were used as a standard data collection of prescribing drugs was evaluate using the WHO prescribing indicator with five indicators: the number of drugs per prescription, antibiotic use, generic drugs, the percentage of injection The data were analyzed for the WHO core prescribing indicators [9]. 8%) Mar 1, 2017 · The findings of this study revealed that drug utilization pattern was not optimal in accordance with the standard values of WHO prescribing patterns. Copy link Link copied. J. The values of WHO prescribing indicators obtained from this study show that there are some areas where the Abstract Patterns of prescribing and use of pharmaceuticals by physicians and patients in Jordan have not previously been studied. 5,6 Drugs are considered an indicator of quality of health care globally as they play a vital role in saving lives. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names 3. The indicators were pretested, and slight modification was made so that they could be used easily to provide accurate data. May 9, 2021 · PDF | Irrational prescribing of drugs is the main problem that affects globally. A. The formula for measurement of prescribing indicators, taken from the WHOs guide for the assessment of prescribing indicators was as follows: 1. Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University teaching and referral hospital, south Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Background Enhancing the standards of medical treatment at all levels of the healthcare delivery system Oct 20, 2023 · Background Healthcare systems in both developing and developed countries were not free from prescription errors. Feb 15, 2019 · Prescribing indicators include the number of drugs prescribing per encounter, the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, the percentage of encounter by injection and antibiotics prescription, and the percentage of drugs prescribed from essential drug list (EDL). the quality of drug prescribing. The World HealthOrganization (WHO) standardized and validated core prescribing indicators for evaluating Around 1000 prescriptions were collected randomly from medical college pharmacies. A total of 1200 prescriptions, 600 from each hospital, were evaluated using WHO prescribing indicators. Nov 2, 2018 · p> Background: In order to promote rational drug use in developing countries, assessment of drug use pattern using the World Health Organization drug use indicators is important. The Jun 25, 2021 · WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators: All prescriptions dispensed from the out-patient pharmacy of each health center were taken as the source population; however, only those prescriptions dispensed from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 were taken as study populations. 2014 Nov-Dec; 3(6): 1057-1061. Background: In order to promote rational drug use in developing countries, assessment of drug use pattern using A retrospective analysis of prescribing practices through WHO prescribing indicators at four selected hospitals of West Ethiopia. Information regarding the patient, doctor, drug, and legibility of the prescription were obtained. Babar, S. Download citation. 3 and H. According to WHO recommendations, at least 600 encounters should be included in a cross-sectional survey in order to describe the prescribing indicators . For 2022-2025, the National Prescribing Indicators: Supporting Safe and Optimised Prescribing focus on the following priority areas: Feb 1, 2015 · As to this, the performance of prescribers is measured by prescribing indicators, whereas patient-care indicators measure the time spent by prescribers and dispensers for each patient. d) Prescribing Indicators The WHO prescribing indicators were used in this study. 61 (1. The WHO Nov 8, 2016 · The data relating to the prescribing indicators was noted for each prescription and then recorded into a standard WHO prescribing indicator form (World Health Organization 1993). ijmrr. 0, 36. The indicators allow health boards, primary care clusters, GP practices and prescribers to compare their current prescribing practice against an agreed standard of quality. There is the need to understand the prescribing patterns and antibiotic stewardship in health facilities to support appropriate antibiotic use. J Bioanal Biomed. Jan 29, 2021 · A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to identify core prescribing indicators and commonly prescribed medicines. Read full-text. The studied health centres in Ilala district had an average of 1. Materials and Methods: Data was collected prospectively from 500 prescriptions on detailed prescribers indicator form, and prescribing, patient care, and health facility indicators were calculated. 75, and 51. P. 8% drugs were prescribed by generic name. A cross sectional study was conducted in Out Patient Department of Primary Care Hospital in Warangal. A WHO guide on how to investigate drug use in health facilities, with selected indicators, methods, and examples. These are very useful references, based on international expert consensus. Jan 30, 2017 · The rest of prescribing indicators including the injections prescribing, antibiotics prescribing, and prescribing from the essential drug list were within the optimal range of values recommended Nov 27, 2020 · A institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study to assess the prescribing patterns in governmental hospitals of Dessie town revealed the use of standard presecription papers at both hospitals, with a significant deviation from the acceptable WHO standard for prescribing antibiotics. 6% and 9. 6-1. According to the estimation of the World Health Organization (WHO), greater than 50% of medicines are prescribed and dispensed irrationally. 03109202416032024 May 20, 2021 · Selected WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators. May 20, 2021 · Selected WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators. 2, 18. Background: Medicines play a crucial role in the healthcare delivery of a hospital. 3–4. Oct 20, 2023 · Methods A cross-sectional design was conducted to collect prescribing indicator data from 780 prescriptions retrospectively from 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021 at outpatient pharmacy of the hospital The indicators were ranked independently by the research team and a final list of indicators was prepared. Bukhsh Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract The study was done to see the prescription format and dispensaries or hospital outpatient departments. 7 The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed prescribing, health Aug 30, 2021 · PDF | On Aug 30, 2021, Zewde Zema Kanche published Evaluation of drug use using WHO prescribing indicators in private clinics of WolaitaSodoCity, Southern Ethiopia | Find, read and cite all the Oct 28, 2021 · Background Identification of internationally comparable indicators of medicines use are important for a country to implement strategies and regulations to improve usage of medicines. One of the effects of prescription errors is irrational prescribing. If drug prescription practices are inappropriate, need to examine the patterns of drug use is necessary to change prescribing patterns accordingly. We retrospectively evaluated pharmaceutical drug prescribing practices in 21 primary health care facilities in Irbid governorate, northern Jordan using World Health Organization-recommended core indicators. Average number of drugs per prescription 2. Background: Prescription writing is an important means of therapeutic intervention by the doctor and reflects his approach towards safe prescribing. Evaluated the prescribing practices and antibiotic utilization patterns so that the extent of irrational use can be assessed by comparing them with published ideal values set by WHO, significant deviation was observed. Aug 22, 2016 · The results of prescribing indicators were determined as follows; average number of medicines prescribed per patient encounter = 3. Khan, A. Oct 1, 2015 · The study is, therefore, aimed to evaluate drug prescribing practice using World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital (HFSUH), Harar Jun 21, 2021 · The variables of this study were the rational use of medicine using WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. The indicators called “core drug use indicators” are classified into prescribing, patient-care and facility-specific indicators (Table 1). From injectables, diclofenac and tramadol were most common from analgesics and ceftriaxone was the most common from antibacterials. pdf Available via license: CC BY 2. 8% of prescriptions were legible with A base line survey on prescribing indicators and underlying factors influencing prescribing in southern Ethiopia, Ethiopia . To investigate the drug use in health facilities, the WHO has recommended core prescribing indicators. 8), percentage of medicines prescribed by generic Assessment of drug use patterns with the WHO core drug prescribing indicators is becoming increasingly necessary to promote rational drug use in developing countries. Objective: Evaluating the prescribing indicators regularly help to monitor the prescriptions to reduce Nov 2, 2018 · Assessment of drug prescription patterns at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital revealed that polypharmacy and prescription writing using brand names were common and there appears to be a crucial need for the development of prescribing guidelines when it comes to antibiotics. Hussain, Z. Bad prescribing habits lead May 7, 2021 · Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the pattern of major drug groups prescribed, assess the Rational Prescription pattern by measuring the WHO Core Prescribing Indicators and to Jan 6, 2021 · Background:Rational prescribing remains an important component of rational drug use. Download the PDF for free. In an accompanying paper we reported on patient care and facility-specific drug use indicators in 10 primary health care centres (PHCCs) in Eastern province of Saudi Arabia [11]. 99 (SD = 0. 14. Dad, M. WHO prescribing indicators only record what is prescribed and does not address the reason why the problem exists. A study of drug prescribing pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in the state of Goa, India. Sri Lanka established a new National Medicines Regulatory Authority in 2015 and this survey evaluated the medication use indicators in Sri Lanka, according to the International Network on Rational Use of Drugs Aug 2, 2021 · INTRODUCTION: Irrational or inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics is a major problem in healthcare and leads to antibiotic resistance. The prescribing indicators are less useful in specialty outpatient clinics in referral hospitals, where the drug use pattern is more complex. Prescriptions were assessed for WHO core prescribing indicators and legibility. For instance, the country performance indicator of generic prescribing was measured by dividing the observed value by the optimal value (100%). The aim of this study Jul 1, 2014 · PDF | Drug therapy is the most commonly used method of any disease treatment in general practice. Aug 11, 2020 · Data were collected following the pre-tested structured questionnaire and standard antibiotic prescribing indicators generated by the WHO, and we used a questionnaire adapted from similar studies. The results of prescribing indicators were 1. Introduction: Drug utilization research is an important tool to facilitate rational use of drugs. Understanding the Dec 1, 2021 · Evaluation of drug prescription pattern using World Health Organization prescribing indicators in public health facilities found in Ethiopia: systematic reviews and meta-analysis Jul 19, 2016 · Prescribing indicators measurement. For the present study, we took the prescribing indicators which are as follows: 1. health Dev, 1998;12 (2) 87-93 X Mallet H. Rahman, A. In low income countries irrational use of drugs is a common problem like overuse of drugs and inappropriate use of antibiotics, leading to Jan 1, 2014 · PDF | On Jan 1, 2014, Ulhas Chandelkar and others published A study of drug prescribing pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in the state of Goa, India | Find, read and cite all the research Jul 29, 2020 · Objective of this study was to gather data on existing drug prescription and dispensing practices and to evaluate the prescribing and dispenser indicators as described by the WHO. Outpatient prescriptions from all the major clinical departments available at hospital pharmacies were analyzed using the WHO prescribing indicators. The components of core indicators are: prescribing indicator, patient indicator, and facility indicator. 96, 93. A total of 600 encounters were reviewed using the WHO core prescribing indicators between May 5 and May 12, 2019 using stratified random sampling technique. Nov 28, 2023 · Though originally developed to assess drug use patterns in primary healthcare centers, these indicators have been used at tertiary healthcare facilities for similar purposes [Citation 11 – Citation 13]. Results Nine prescribing indicators, such as weight, appropriate dose and age-appropriate dosage Feb 1, 2011 · All the prescribing indicators studied are out of the ranges recommended by WHO implying that there is deep rooted irrational prescribing practice in hospitals of Ethiopia and urgent and well organized interventions should be implemented by federal ministry of health and drug regulatory bodies found at different levels in order to foster rational drug use. On the other hand, research on drug use patterns in the private Table-1: A table showing the data based on WHO prescribin g indicators. 7) medicines prescribed per consultation and an average of 84% (n = 510) of the antibiotics were prescribed by generic name. They also make the prescriber vulnerable to influences which can cause irrational prescribing, such as patient pressure, bad example of colleagues and high-powered salesmanship. 6% of encounters resulted in the prescription of antibiotics The findings of this study revealed that drug utilization pattern were not optimal in accordance with the standard values of WHO prescribing indicators, with a higher tendency of polypharmacy and over prescription of antibiotics. 3%), atorvastatin (16. 02093202416032024; Original Research; Relationship of body mass index and perceived stress in medical undergraduates Supriya Singh, Omna Chawla, Anant Narayan Sinha, Ankita Juyal Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the drug prescription Table 1: Drug Prescribing Indicators in Ayder Referral Hospital from January 1, 2014 to April 30, 2014, (N=384) Prescribing indicators Number Average/ Percentage WHO Ideal Values Average number of drugs per encounter 1003 2. This study aimed to measure the drug prescribing performance of primary health care centres in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia, using the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug prescribing indicators. Rational drug management has become an increasingly important topic in order to make optimal use of the drug budget to offer health services of the highest possible standard. Apr 29, 2023 · Background: The study aimed to get drug utilization pattern using WHO prescribing indicators in pediatric patients. Sep 1, 2021 · The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used as a standard terminology for Medline and were adapted to other sources. S. 8) Percentage of encounter with antibiotics 321 32% (20. Methods: It was an observational prospective study carried out in pediatric in Dec 7, 2018 · The study provides an insight into the prescribing pattern in orthopedic in-patients and highlights the importance of emphasizing rational drug prescribing and toward improving awareness of the physicians and medical students to the WHO recommended standards on prescribing indicators. 5, 23. Vol. These set of indicators could be used as benchmarks to enable the introduction of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) in different healthcare settings [2, 3, 15]. We aim to conduct a systematic review of changes in prescribing patterns in the WHO African region and comparison with WHO indicators in two time periods 1995–2005 and 2006–2015. The WHO prescribing indicators were pretested and slight modification was made to make it applicable in Indian scenario before using in this study. In Ethiopia, several studies showed that health care The first prescribing indicator, average number of medicines per prescription was 3. M. It is important that continuous Dec 28, 2023 · Assessment of antibiotic prescribing patterns using World Health Organization prescribing indicators at the outpatient Pharmacy Department of University of Gondar referral hospital,Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia found that rate of antibiotics prescribing showed deviation from the standard recommended by World health Organization whereas polypharmacy, injectable prescribing pattern, uses of brand The prescribing pattern of medications prescribed to outpatients based on WHO prescribing indicators in Ethiopia is below WHO standard level, and the prescribing pattern is not satisfactory in the health care institutions. A data collection form was developed to capture antibiotic utilization patterns and data was recorded into it. 2024. 11 Hence the present study Jan 8, 2022 · The World Health Organization prescribing indicators were used as a standard data collection tool for the evaluation and investigation of prescribing practices. The WHO Operational Package for Assessing, Monitoring and Evaluating Country Aug 1, 2020 · Evidence is provided for the necessity and a way forward for the establishment of an ASP in the hospital that may help to introduce the prescribing of antibiotics with the aid of culture and sensitivity tests, and to develop institutional guidelines. 0%, respectively. WHO drug use indicators (Box 1) can be used to iden-tify general prescribing and quality of care problems at primary health care facilities. Desalegn AA. Complacency in prescribing results in errors which can even cause adverse The three main indicators are prescribing indicators, facility indicators and patient care indicators. Jul 1, 2021 · WHO core drug use indicators questionnaire was used for the assessment of drug use pattern which comprise of five prescribing care indicators, five patient care indicators and two health facility Drugs were prescribed by generic name and from essential drug list, but this was not sufficient to meet the ideal values of WHO Core Prescribing Indicator. 2024; 14(9): 1744-1749 » Abstract » PDF» doi: 10. The document has moved here. he indicators are based on the practice observed in samples of clinical encounters taking place at Aug 1, 2020 · Download full-text PDF Read full-text. A total of 1203 drugs were prescribed from the 604 analysed prescriptions. 81) drugs were prescribed and 44. 3% of drugs were prescribed by generic name, 39. 0%), omeprazole (20. Pharm. The WHO proposes an optimal value to be <2 (Table 6). Babar et al /J. This communication focuses on the World Health Organization's prescribing indicators. In the statistical analysis, frequencies, averages/means, standard deviations and percentages were obtained. The formula adopted from the WHO’s manual for the assessment prescribing indicators used in this study are as follows: 1. The prescribing indicators that were measured included: 1. It describes the methods for computing the indicators and highlights their applicability as well as limitations in evaluating the patterns of medicines usage. In order to get the baseline data of Chinese Zero Oct 22, 2019 · A prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the current prescribing practices including antibiotics use in six community pharmacies in Asmara. The appropriate use of medicines gives us assessment of the quality of health services being Indicators, Monitoring and Assessment 10-12 July 2006, Geneva Switzerland. Nov 1, 2012 · PDF | Appropriate use of drugs is an essential element in achieving quality of health and medical care for patients and the community as a whole. 22. May 7, 2013 · Assessment of drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Hawassa University Teaching and Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Aug 22, 2016 · Background Rational medicine use is essential to optimize quality of healthcare delivery and resource utilization. Dec 16, 2022 · Results: The WHO core prescribing indicators analysis revealed that the average number of drugs per encounter was 2. 3 overall Jun 25, 2021 · Data were retrospectively collected from 1500 prescriptions dispensed from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018 using WHO data collection tool to assess prescribing indicators. The mean number of drugs prescribed was 2. Oct 22, 2019 · A prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the current prescribing practices including antibiotics use in six community pharmacies in Asmara. 6(4), 2014,195-199 Adherence to Prescription Format and Compliance with Who Core Prescribing Indicators H. 1, 6, 27 Indicators are categorized into prescribing indicators, hospital indicators, patient care indicators, and complementary indicators. Chandelkar Ulhas K, Rataboli Padmanabh V. These indicators aim to measure the performance of health care providers in several important areas pertaining to appropriate or rational use of drugs. Poor prescribing pattern is observed and become a serious problem in the world including developing countries. 6%), folic acid (18. WHO core prescribing indicators Drugs prescribed Drugs prescribed by generic name Antibiotics Injections Drugs from EDL Available online at: www. BackgroundTo promote rational drug use in developing countries, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators. 2%), and salbutamol (15. Dec 1, 2016 · Examples include poor adherence by patients, drug-drug interactions, and intolerable side effects that may lead to treatment failure and sometimes death. , Njikam A, and Scouflaire S. Result: The average number of drugs per encounter was 2. The aim of this study is to audit the prescriptions in outpatients departments as per WHO core prescribing indicators for rational use of drugs. Mar 19, 2021 · Background Drug use evaluation is a structured, methodological, and criteria-based drug assessment system that helps to evaluate the actual trend of drug use in a particular setting. Materials & Methods: 1050 prescriptions were audited over a period of two months in a tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand. Focused drug use evaluation (drug utilization review) can be done to identify problems concerning the use of specific medicines or the treatment of specific diseases, particularly in hospitals. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. Evaluation of prescription practices and the rational use of medicines in Niger, Niger pharmaceutical Journal; 2001; 11 (3); 185- 96 XI Otoom S May 20, 2021 · In order to assess the prescribing practices using WHO/INRUD prescribing indicators (average number of medicines prescribed per consultation, the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name, the percentage of encounters where an antibiotic was prescribed, the percentage of encounters where injections were prescribed and medicines prescribed Sep 1, 2021 · It includes the prescribing indicators, the patient care indicators, and the facility indicators. Background Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is a universal public health problem, leading to antibiotic resistance. 4%) of the drugs were prescribed by generic name. These indicators were pilot-tested for acceptability and interrater reliability. in ptions were legible with ease while 66. 7% of the prescriptions contain one or two drugs . Polypharmacy was assessed by this prescribing indicator. 9,10 Without an accurate understanding of how drugs are being prescribed and used, it is difficult to suggest measures to improve the prescribing habits. eewdmqp mywru swjt kjkf lbtt hskvvi nyydgs lflkl efkh wkyxdk